<p>The Jedidiah Dudley House,  is a historic house on Springbrook Road in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Built in the second half of the 18th century, it is a good example of period architecture, and is notable for its association with a family of ferry operators on the nearby Connecticut River. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jedidiah Dudley House is located just east of Exit 68 of Interstate 95, on the north side of Springbrook Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a steeply-pitched gable roof, central chimney, clapboarded exterior, and a rubble fieldstone foundation. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance in a slightly asymmetrical arrangement. The interior exhibits construction evidence that the building was partially built out of recycled timbers. It also has surviving Federal period fireplace surrounds. and</p><br>
<p>The house is one of several Dudley and Whittlesey family houses clustered at a ferry landing in Old Saybrook. In 1662, John Whittlesey and his brother-in-law William Dudley were awarded a privilege to operate a ferry on the Connecticut River. This crossing, joining Old Saybrook and Lyme, served the major coastal route. This house was probably built around 1750, on land originally granted to the ferry operators. It was probably built by Jedidiah Dudley, who operated the ferry. Dudley was accused of misappropriating customs revenues by the government of the Connecticut Colony, and the ensuing scandal cost Dudley both the ferry privilege and his house. Its only major alteration was the addition of a bathroom in the rear right corner, and an ell extending from the same section.</p><br>
<p>The John Whittlesey Jr. House is a historic house at 40 Ferry Road in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. With a construction history estimated to date to the 1690s, it includes in its structure one of Connecticut&#39;s oldest surviving buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Whittlesey Jr. House is located in northeastern Old Saybrook, on the south side of Ferry Road. It is set back from the street on a lot lined at the street by a low stone retaining wall. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney, gabled roof, and clapboarded exterior. An older -story ell projects to the rear, while a more recent one extends to one side. The interior of the house is well preserved despite extensive remodelling in the 20th century. It has original doors and door hardware, including latches and strap hinges of wrought iron. The narrow entry hall includes a winding staircase with original handrail, balustrade, and newel post. In the older rear ell, the heavy post and beam framing is exposed in many places.</p><br>
<p>The main block of the house was built c. 1750, but its rear ell is much older, with an estimated construction date of 1693. John Whittlesey was part of the locally prominent family that maintained the nearby ferry landing on the Connecticut River and operated the ferry. The house was considered by the eccentric Hartford resident William B. Goodwin to become a part of a reconstruction of Fort Saybrook in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house is similar to the Buckingham-Hall House, which formerly stood nearby, but is now located at Mystic Seaport, 25 to 30 miles away. Both buildings include re-used older structures; it is believed that there was a "a strong local tradition or sentiment" in favor of such re-use.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Warner House, also known as Warner-Brooks House, and is a historic house at 47 King&#39;s Highway in Chester, Connecticut. Built in 1798, it is a well-preserved local example of Federal period architecture, featured prominently by architectural historian J. Frederick Kelly in The Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jonathan Warner House is located in a rural-suburban area of eastern Chester, at the northeast corner of East King&#39;s Highway and Middlesex Turnpike (Connecticut Route 154). It is a two-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, two interior chimneys, and clapboarded exterior. The central bay of the front is framed by two-story Ionic pillars supporting a small flat projecting roof. The main entrance is flanked by pilasters supporting an entablature, and sidelight windows outside the pilasters. It has a Palladian window above the entry with pilasters separating and flanking the window sections. A 19th-century carriage barn, which was moved to the site, serves as the garage. The interior of the house has many instance of fine woodwork, including several original fireplace mantels, and the main staircase.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by Jonathan Warner, who supervised its construction in 1798 and who copiously documented the process. Surviving documentation includes receipts for purchase of most of the materials that originally went into its construction and finishing. Warner was a wealthy farmer, who also operated the nearby Chester–Hadlyme ferry and invested in merchant shipping ventures. The house was illustrated by J. Frederick Kelly in his prominent book The Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut (1963). It is believed to resemble another mansion built earlier in New London.</p><br>
<p>Phillips Folly is an historic three-story brick residence in Maysville, Kentucky. The homes Antebellum architecture displays a blend of styles which may be explained, in part, by the homes speculative six-year construction period, which ended with its completion in 1831. The Sutton Street entrances are Federal, windows are typical Greek Revival in their size and character, and the two-tiered portico and the segmental dormers reflect a Georgian influence. The portico and Doric frieze are similar to Drayton Hall  near Charleston, South Carolina. The stepped parapets on the end walls are peculiar to the Ohio River Valley and are "associated with the Dutch character of Cincinnati, Ohio and the surrounding area." The home also possesses an artful and unique dry stacked foundation that is set without mortar. Phillips Folly was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1978. Phillips&#39; Folly is a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and early history</h2><br>
<p>William B. Phillips was Maysvilles second mayor and was among those who welcomed General Lafayette during his 1825 Maysville visit. Phillips is listed as serving as Mason Countys state legislator in 1820. Phillips residence earned the term "folly" because the mansions construction began as early as 1825, but was halted for up to six years due to lack of funding. According to a 1973 magazine article, "leaving the house unfinished, the owner disappeared for two years, during which time he won enough money at gambling to complete the structure".</p><br>
<p>Phillips sold his "folly" to wealthy businessman John Armstrong in 1838. Armstrong was instrumental in the early development of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and Maysville, Kentucky, in particular. Armstrong was the first to sign a petition to move the county seat from Washington to Maysville. Armstrong was a member of the company responsible for building the Maysville and Lexington Turnpike, which was the subject of the significant historical decision involving USA President Andrew Jackson, Secretary of State Martin Van Buren and Congressman Henry Clay referred to as the Maysville Road veto. The Maysville Road veto served as one of President Jacksons first acts in aligning the federal government with the principles of what would later be known as Jacksonian democracy. Armstrong established the first bank in Kentucky in 1818. Armstrong died in the home in 1851. After John Armstrongs death, the home was willed to Armstrong&#39;s son, Francis Woodland Armstrong, who served as a noted abolitionist.</p><br>
<p>The Reed family owned the home from 1894 to 1904. Dr. John Reed maintained a medical practice in the basement of the residence for about 10 years. Also during this period, the residence was the adolescent home of USA Associate Supreme</p><br>
<p>Court Justice, Stanley Forman Reed. Justice Reed spent formative years in the home until leaving for college. Reed would go on to serve in the Kentucky House of Representatives and as USA Solicitor General, where he defended the constitutionality of several New Deal policies. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Reed to the Supreme Court in 1938. Justice Reed served the nation&#39;s highest court until his retirement in 1957. Justice Reed wrote the majority opinion for the cases Smith v. Allwright, Gorin v. United States, and Adamson v. California. He authored dissenting opinions for the cases Illinois ex rel. McCollum v. Board of Education. Reed was the final pivotal voice for the unanimity of the USA Supreme Court landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education.</p><br>
<p>According to oral history, during the ownership of Francis Woodland Armstrong, the mansion served as an important post along the Underground Railroad. During this time corresponding with the American Civil War, runaway slaves were held in a wooden jail cell that dates to the homes original 1831 construction. Runaway slaves would be housed in the basement jail cell until it was deemed safe for them to continue their journey to the nearby free state of Ohio. It is believed that slaves were kept in the jail to foil slave hunters who were likely to search the home. A tunnel leading to a secret room once used by slaves to escape to the Ohio River can still be seen in the homes basement. The basement jail cell is still intact today and is thought to have also served as an early town jail during the ownership of Mayor Phillips.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>In March 2011, Ghost Adventures from the Travel Channel filmed at Phillips Folly. The episode aired on Friday, May 13, 2011. It featured former resident and Underground Railroad historian, Jerry Gore. The home is said to be the residence of several spirits, including John Armstrong and his Newfoundland dog; by John Pearce who died in the home around 1890 either by fighting a duel in the homes back parlor or by suicide in the homes back parlor (dueling was outlawed at the time, therefore death by suicide may have been the manner of death officially recorded); and by former slaves who were chained in the basement prior to the homes abolitionist history. The homes backyard is directly adjacent to one of the oldest known cemeteries in Kentucky (circa 1800–1850) referred to locally as the Maysville Pioneer Graveyard, which was established on land acquired by city trustee Jacob Boone, close friend, business partner, and cousin to Daniel Boone. Jacob Boone and his family are buried in the Maysville Pioneer Graveyard in a plot notating Jacobs militia service during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>Maple Grove is a historic estate located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. The estate consists of eight contributing buildings: the main house, farmer&#39;s cottage , barn , carriage barn , garage , shed, and two cottages . Also on the property is a pair of contributing sandstone gateposts . The main house was built in 1850 in the Italianate style and remodeled in 1891. It is constructed of painted red brick and has a -story, three-bay, main block flanked by 2-story, three-bay-wide wings. It has a large, 2-story rear kitchen wing. It features a prominent 1-story open wood porch.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It was built in 1905 and is a large, five-sided stone building with a wing. It features a three-story square tower with a pyramidal roof and arched Romanesque window surrounds.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The related manse was added at the same time.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church in Poughkeepsie, New York was organized in 1749. Services were conducted first in connection with Fishkill and afterwards in connection with the Charlotte Precinct, which included Washington Hollow and Pleasant Valley.</p><br>
<p>In September 1826, the North River Presbytery re-organized the church with eighteen members and installed Rev. Alonso Welton as pastor. The congregation first worshiped in an old frame building on Church Street, before moving to Cannon Street in December 1826.</p><br>
<p>Reverend Thomas Woodrow, maternal grandfather of President Woodrow Wilson, preached in Poughkeepsie after emigrating from Scotland in 1835.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church Manse is a historic Presbyterian churchmanse located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It was built about 1857 and is a -story brick dwelling on a raised basement in the Second Empire style. It is five bays wide and features a bellcast mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The related church was added at the same time.</p><br>
<p>Poughkeepsie Underwear Factory is a historic factory building located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It was built in 1874 and is a -story, eight-bay brick building. It was expanded about 1887.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Poughkeepsie Underwear Factory property was built in 1874 as William S. Patten&#39;s Poughkeepsie Live Oak Leather Manufactury, and shortly thereafter became the Dutchess Manufacturing Company, which added on substantially to the original structure.</p><br>
<p>By 1895 it was William Paulding&#39;s Cooperage. In 1899 the Queen Undermuslin Company was incorporated, and in 1904 it moved from a location on Mill Street into this building, forever leaving its mark on the property now known as the Poughkeepsie Underwear Factory.</p><br>
<p>The building was remodeled to accommodate the unique offerings of Queen Undermuslins, and was highly regarded as a building entirely run on electricity.</p><br>
<p>The garments produced at the factory were held in very high regard, and shipped around the world. The high quality of the product was confirmed by the Galveston Cotton Carnival and Exposition, where Queen Undermuslins took home top prize.</p><br>
<p>The company produced 60,000 garments annually, exclusively for women and children, and able to be procured "at any dry goods or furnishing house of any importance."</p><br>
<p>The owners of the factory, Robert Stuart and JC MacLean, were certainly progressive employers. Records show them as successful inventors and businessmen.</p><br>
<p>Employees (all women) were involved in resolving business disputes, and the grounds were lauded for their beautiful condition, included a perfectly manicured privet hedge, a large flower bed at the front of the site, and even a tennis court for recreation for the employees.</p><br>
<p>Not much is known about the history of the building from the mid-twentieth century onward. Later pictures show it as Central Press; no details exist about that operation that we are aware of. The building was vacant by the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>The redevelopment of the Poughkeepsie Underwear Factory is the anchor project in &#39;s work to. This Hudson Valley nonprofit renovated this three story, 22,000 square foot building as mixed-use, with two thirds consisting of apartments, and one third as a commercial community hub.</p><br>
<p>First Floor/Lower Level</p><br>
<p>Second Floor</p><br>
<p>Third Floor</p><br>
<p>The Gen. William Hart House is a historic house at 350 Main Street in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Built in 1767 for a politician and colonial militia leader, it is a good example of Georgian residential architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and is a contributing property to the Old Saybrook South Green historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The General William Hart House stands on the east of Main Street (Connecticut Route 154) just south of the Grace Church in a residential portion of the village center of Old Saybrook. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and two end chimneys. It has a center entry sheltered by a gable-roofed portico supported by Doric columns. The interior follows a central hall plan, and retains a number of original features, including fireplace surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1767 by William Hart, Jr., a merchant, around the time of his marriage. Hart served in the American Revolutionary War and was later a candidate for Governor of Connecticut. The house was used later in the 19th century for a boarding school. It is one of a number of well-preserved houses from the period in the residential area south of the commercial center of Old Saybrook.</p><br>
<p>Also located on the site are the Frank Stevenson Archives and the Hart House Gardens. The house and property are currently owned by the Old Saybrook Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Lenox Round Barn is a historic building that is part of the Taylor County Historical Museum in Bedford, Iowa, United States. The true round barn was built somewhere between 1905 and 1907. The building measures 64 ft in diameter and 55 ft in height. It features white vertical siding, a large cupola, and a two-pitch roof. The barn was thought to have been designed and built by J.E. Cameron on his farm 5 mi south of Lenox.</p><br>
<p>It remained on the family&#39;s farm until 1996 when they donated it to the Taylor County Historical Society. The barn was moved to their museum grounds in May 1998. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. Its primary significance is its architectural value. Of primary interest are the steep-pitched free-standing roof, the tornado-resistant support beams, and the pie-shaped circular grain bins.</p><br>
<p>The Tonsfeldt Round Barn is a historic building located on the Plymouth County Fairgrounds in LeMars, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1918 to house H.P. Tonsfeldts purebread Polled Hereford cattle, and prize bull, on his farm west of the city. The building is a true round barn that measures 82 x. The barn features white horizontal siding, an aerator and a Gothic curved roof. The self-supporting Gothic-arch dome of this barn is a unique feature on Iowas round barns. In 1981 the barn was moved from the farm to the fairgrounds in order to preserve it. It is now used for exhibit space. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Loudoun House, located in Lexington, Kentucky, is considered one of the largest and finest examples of Gothic Revival architecture in the state.</p><br>
<p>Designed by New York architect Alexander Jackson Davis, the house was built in 1851 for Francis Key Hunt (1817–1879), who was named after his mother&#39;s cousin, Francis Scott Key.</p><br>
<p>The home was built on 50 acres of land given to Hunt and his wife, Julia Warfield, by her parents upon their marriage. Following the death of his father during a cholera epidemic, Hunt inherited more than a million dollars and set to building the Loudoun House. Inspired by the W. C. H. Waddell mansion on Murray Hill in New York City, Hunt wrote to A. J. Davis, who designed a castellated Gothic Revival villa for Hunt after a brief correspondence. Hunt hired Lexington builder John McMurtry to construct the home. The project was expected to cost $10,000, but wound up costing three times that amount and taking four years to complete. He named the home "Loudoun" in honor of the song "The Bells of Loudon", his wife&#39;s favorite.</p><br>
<p>Loudoun House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of the five surviving castellated Gothic Revival villas designed by Davis in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The house currently houses the Lexington Art League.</p><br>
<p>The W.J. Buck Polygonal Barn was a historical structure located near Diagonal in rural Ringgold County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1907 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1986. The structure of the barn was basically a central octagon with a sectioned roof. Double pitch sheds surrounded the barn characterizing it as an encircling wing type. The central section was six-sided and the wing was nine-sided. The plan appears to be the same as the one for the Lloyd Z. Jones stock barn published in Wallaces&#39; Farmer on January 16, 1903, and again on October 25, 1907, and June 17, 1910. It has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>The McCoy Polygonal Barn is a historic building located near Hepburn in rural Page County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1914 as a hog sale barn. The hexagon-shaped building features white horizontal siding, a large monitor with 12 windows, and an aerator. It is only one of five barns known to have been built on a farm in Iowa with a large monitor. Because of this building&#39;s original use as a sale barn it was needed to provide the required amount of light. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Waveland Round Barn was a historic building located near Cushing in rural Ida County, Iowa, United States. Built in 1900, the barn measured 50 ft in diameter. It featured red vertical siding, a large central section with a conical roof, a wing section that surrounded the central section with a sectional roof and a hay dormer above the main entrance on the east side. The three-story central section makes this an unusual round barn in Iowa. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The barn was bulldozed and the remains were burnt in March 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Polygonal Barn, New Oregon Township is an historic building located near Cresco in rural Howard County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1920 as a show barn for English Shorthorn cattle. The 16-sided building measures 70 ft in diameter. The polygonal barn of 6 to 16 equal sides is the most common variation of the round barn that was constructed in Iowa. It features a two-pitch sectional roof, a 13 ft central silo and small dormers near the top of the roof on the north and south sides. The barn was used for dairy cattle from 1958 to 1968, and it was then used for pigs and feeder cattle. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The William Haner Polygonal Barn was a historic building located near Pisgah in rural Harrison County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1912 by Comstock Construction. The 12-sided structure measured 54 ft in diameter and featured white horizontal siding with a block foundation, a two-pitch roof, and a large hay dormer on the south side. It was originally used as a Purebred Hereford cattle barn. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was destroyed in a fire caused by lightning in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Thomsen Round Barn was an historical building located near Armstrong in rural Emmet County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1912 as a dairy barn. The building is a true round barn that measures 65 ft in diameter. The first floor is constructed of concrete and the second floor consists of white vertical siding. It features a two-pitch conical roof, and a 16 ft central silo. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. As of July 21, 2014 it is no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>The George Darrow Round Barn is a historic building located near Alta Vista in rural Chickasaw County, Iowa, United States. The true round barn was constructed of clay tile in 1916. The use of clay tiles suggests that it was influenced by the work of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station in the early 20th-century. It has a diameter 64 ft, and a height of 50 ft. The barn features a two-pitch roof and a 14 ft central clay tile silo. It was built as a dairy barn and it was used as such until 1978. Dairy cow stanchions surround the central silo on one side of the barn in a circular arrangement, and horse stalls surround the other side. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places  since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The first Newport News Public Library, renamed West Avenue Library, now NNPLS Technical Services, in the Newport News Public Library System, was opened on October 14, 1929 at the corner of West Avenue and 30th Street in the City of Newport News, Virginia. This building was the first to be built in Newport News for the express purpose of being a library. In 2005, the West Avenue Library was placed onto the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places under its original name of Newport News Public Library. The building now known as West Avenue Library; however it is no longer a functioning library.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In January 1891 the Subscription Library Association, started by a group of young business professionals, created the first Newport News Library System. The books were housed at the offices of W. I. Fitzsimmons, at the corner of Washington Avenue and 27th Street. The subscription-fee-based library gained more solid financial ground in 1914 when the Library Association Board decided to charge a fee of fifty cents per year for all library users. Also in 1914 the Newport News Shipyard agreed to donate $20 per month to support the cause of literacy. In 1917 the City began to support the library with $10 per month. This was the beginning of a private-public partnership that remained until 1968.</p><br>
<p>On July 6, 1927 the Commonwealth of Virginia issued the charter of incorporation to a new library group calling for 21 board members who called themselves the Newport News Public Library, Inc., and within six months they had taken over all the assets of the old Newport News Library Association. A new library building to replace the inadequate structure on 26th Street where the library was temporarily housed was a primary goal. A building committee was formed and within two years the groundbreaking ceremony was held on February 12, 1929. The cornerstone for the new library was then laid on April 11, 1929 with a ceremony featuring Homer L. Ferguson, President of the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, as the keynote speaker. Between the formation of the building committee and the groundbreaking ceremony the people of Newport News showed their approval by a 2,285 to 827 vote of approval for the issuance of $45,000 in bonds for the City Council to pay for it. The Library Board contributed $6,200 and a book collection valued at $30,000.00. The Old Dominion Land Company, the business which planned and built the infrastructure for the City of Newport News, donated land valued at $12,000. Newport News Public Library was officially opened on October 14, 1929. It was the first building in Newport News built for the purpose of being a library.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the Newport News Public Library Building has been maintained and upgraded. In 1946 the basement of the library was converted into a Children&#39;s Library. In 1954 the roof over the north reading room was replaced. On May 2, 1957 a new mural was added to the wall facing the entryway into the library building. The Mural depicted the landing of Captain Christopher Newport at Jamestown. The mural was painted by the artist Allen D. Jones, Jr. in commemoration of the Three Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of Jamestown. Also in 1957 a new heating and air conditioning system and lights were installed and the rear stack area was remodeled. In 1968 there was a major change in the administration of the Newport News Public Library. In this year administration of the library was transferred from Newport News Public Library, Inc. to the City of Newport News. In 1986 and 1987 the building was rehabilitated.</p><br>
<h2>Architect</h2><br>
<p>The architect of the Newport News Public Library building, Charles M. Robinson was a very prominent Richmond, Virginia architect. Robinson was a well known designer of educational buildings and supervising architect of the Richmond Board of Public Instruction from 1910-1929. He designed the campuses of James Madison and Radford Universities in 1908 and 1913 respectively. Robinson created the master plan in 1925 for and designed many of the buildings for the College of William and Mary. Robinson was the architect for at least ten buildings, which are currently listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Desegregation of the Library</h2><br>
<p>On May 9, 1949, W. Hale Thompson, a local African-American attorney, went before the Newport News City Council and proposed that the Newport News Public Library be opened to persons of all races. This request was rejected by the board of Newport News Public Library, Inc. but they opened an African American Library in a room in the Doris Miller Center, which was known as the Negro Recreation Building.</p><br>
<p>Mr. Thompson filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against both the City and the Library Board. The case dragged on through the remainder of 1950 and 1951 with numerous postponements, until Judge Sterling Hutcheson scheduled the case to be argued before a jury on July 10, 1952. On July 8, 1952, two days before the trial was to begin, the board of directors of Newport News Public Library, Inc. issued a statement: "The Board of Directors of the Newport News Public Library, Inc. has now has announced that the facilities of its main reading rooms in the library at 30th Street and West Avenue are now available to all adult inhabitants of the City of Newport News." The Newport News Public Library was now open to African Americans and Judge Hutcheson dismissed the court case on July 18, 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Special Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Martha Woodroof Hiden Memorial Collection was first dedicated on May 27, 1976 and was housed in the West Avenue Library of the Newport News Public Library System. The collection was named after longtime Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Newport News Public Library Inc. Mrs. Hiden served as Chair of the Board of Trustees from 1927 to 1952. She was well known in genealogy circles and was herself instrumental in the preservation of Virginia County Records.</p><br>
<p>The Martha Woodroof Hiden Memorial Collection contains the local and family history materials for the City of Newport News, Virginia. The collection resides in the Virginiana Room in the Main Street Library of the Newport News Public Library System. The primary purpose of the Martha Woodroof Hiden Memorial Collection is to serve as the main clearinghouse for family and local history of the City of Newport News, Virginia, including the extinct County and City of Warwick. Additionally, it is the purpose of the collection to preserve and provide access to materials of local historic significance to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Martha Woodroof Hiden Memorial Collection contains a wealth of information on the history of the City of Newport News, Warwick County and of the Commonwealth of Virginia in general. A portion of the main holdings include Newport News City Directories from 1898 to the present, high school annuals, photographs, maps, the local newspaper The Daily Press on microfilm from 1896 to the present, a collection of over five thousand books and journals as well as many other notable materials.</p><br>
<p>The prized collection of the Martha Woodroof Hiden Collection is the papers and maps from the Old Dominion Land Company. The Company was created by railroad magnate Collis Potter Huntington and his associates in 1880. The purpose of the company was to purchase, hold and develop land needed for the extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway line from Richmond, Virginia to the port of Newport News. While fulfilling its mission, the Old Dominion Land Company planned and developed the original City of Newport News including street layout, utilities, reservoir system and sewer system. Also, the company played a major role in the development of the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 When the Newport News Public Library System opened the Main Street Library the Martha Woodroof Hiden Collection was moved into a new climate controlled room in a new library building more centrally located. On April 14, 1996 the collection was re-dedicated at the Main Street Library where it currently resides.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, the building was placed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Technology</h2><br>
<p>In 2013, the Newport News Public Library System installed 15 self-service kiosks to allow library patrons to search the library&#39;s Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). The computer kiosks were installed at Pearl Bailey Library, Main Street Library, Virgil I. Grissom Library, and South Morrison Family Education Center. The kiosk hardware was integrated within the Newport News Public Library.</p><br>
<p>The Ault Store is a historic commercial building in Dundas, Minnesota, United States. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on April 6, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Ault Store is located in what was Dundas&#39; original business district, on Second Street on the east side of the Cannon River. The neighborhood is now residential. A two-story stone structure, it was constructed in 1866 of locally quarried limestone. The building is rectangular, with a low gable roof, with the gable end oriented towards the street. The front facade, facing east, has three large rectilinear opening on its first floor; the three sections are divided by heavy vertical stone members. A double transomed door occupies the center bay and is flanked by large nine-paned storefront windows. On the second story, large cut stones at the corners of the building give the suggestion of corner quoins. The fenestration of the upper level of the front facade consists of two double hung sash windows with six over six lights and heavy stone lintels. The windows on the north and south facades consist of windows on the second floor and doorways in the rear bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edgar Ault, who had worked as a local merchant since 1859, built the store in 1866. Aults store occupied the first floor and carried a full line of furniture, pharmaceuticals and necessities. The front room of the second floor housed the communitys first library and the back room was used for office space. The local newspaper, the Dundas News, operated out of the rear office from its founding in 1876 to its sale and incorporation into the nearby Northfield News in 1879. At the height of Dundas&#39; original commercial district, the area also included another general store, hotel, shoe store, restaurant, meeting hall and saloon. The neighborhood began to shift once the Minnesota Central Railway built its station on the west side of the river, resulting in the development of Railway Street and the platting of the Railway Addition in 1865. The commercial focus of the city shifted to near the railroad. Ault joined the move across the river in 1882, moving his store to larger quarters on Railway Street.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent owners of the building added arched tops to the storefront windows, however later restorations removed them. The building was vacant for a number of years, before being purchased and restored for residential use in the 1970s and 80s. The Ault Store is now a multifunctional building, serving as an artist studio and residence.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Ault Store was listed on the National Register for its local significance in commerce and settlement. It is the last remaining commercial building of what was Dundas original business district, and is a significant example of the first generation of commercial buildings constructed in Rice County during the 1850s and 60s. The scale and simplicity of the design and use of locally available materials mark the building as characteristic of the generation of commercial buildings constructed by residents.</p><br>
<p>Poughkeepsie Almshouse and City Infirmary is a historic almshouse and infirmary complex located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. The complex includes five contributing buildings. The almshouse buildings has a three-story, seven-bay, main block flanked by matching two-story, five-bay, wings. It was built in 1868 of brick with wood trim and features Italianate style details. J.A. Wood is credited as the building&#39;s architect. The City Infirmary building was built in 1907 and enlarged in 1936. It is a two-story brick and stone building and features a two-story, flat roofed, semi-circular entrance portico. The infirmary closed in 1972. Also on the property are a carriage house, barn, laundry building, combination barn / ice house, and shed. It has been adaptively reused as a satellite campus for Adelphi University.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Ambrose Whittlesey House is a historic house at 14 Main Street in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in two sections. The first section was one story high, built in 1765, measuring 16 ft by 30 ft. This is now at the rear of the house. Around 1800, a two-story main block measuring 30 ft by 34 ft was added. The main block has a relatively plain facade, but it has a Georgian style portico to accent it. The columns holding up the portico are consistent with Georgian proportions, but the fanlight over the door is more related to Federal architecture in style and design. The interior of the 1800 section of the house is generally consistent with Federal-style architecture. This section contains a massive center chimney, dating back to Colonial architecture in its simplicity. The chimney contains flues for six hearths, three on each floor.</p><br>
<p>The house has architectural influences indicating a transition between Georgian architecture and Federal architecture. There are only a few such buildings remaining in this section of Old Saybrook. The actual identification of architectural styles is complicated by the mix of elements such as the large central chimney, reminiscent of colonial-period architecture; the Georgian-style portico, and the Federal-style detailing in the interior. Since there are few other Georgian-style details in the house, it appears likely that the portico was added later.</p><br>
<p>The owner, Ambrose Whittlesey, was the great-great-grandson of John Whittlesey, who was an early settler of the Saybrook Colony in the 17th century. The Whittlesey family was involved in farming, the merchandise trade, and shipbuilding. Ambrose started his career as a sea captain at age 21, trading with the West Indies. He later went on to voyages to Spain and Portugal after the War of 1812. When he died in 1827, his house was inherited by his youngest son, also named Ambrose, although his mother had an encumbrance on the property until her death in 1838. In 1839, his surviving siblings granted him full ownership via a quitclaim deed. The house remained in the Whittlesey family until 1967.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Waterbury Historic District is the core of the city of Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a roughly rectangular area centered on West Main Street and Waterbury Green, the remnant of the original town commons, which has been called "one of the most attractive downtown parks in New England."</p><br>
<p>The Green was the citys first center, with the buildings around it representing all types of uses, from residences to churches to public buildings. Many early buildings were cleared as the city grew and industrialized. Nearby Exchange Place, the junction of the citys streetcar lines, later emerged as a center for retailing. A devastating 1902 fire in that area led to more clearing and rebuilding. In its wake the city&#39;s government buildings were moved to a new municipal complex on Grand Street designed by Cass Gilbert, in accordance with the principles of the City Beautiful movement.</p><br>
<p>Most of its buildings, large commercial blocks, date to the peak years of the city&#39;s industrial prosperity, the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A few earlier buildings survived a devastating 1902 fire. Among them works by locally and nationally prominent architects, the latter group including Henry Bacon and Henry Dudley in addition to Gilbert. They include a variety of contemporary architectural styles, particularly the Second Renaissance Revival, Georgian Revival and Romanesque Revival modes.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 the area was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. At that time, there were three listings on the Register within the district, including the municipal complex and a pair of houses listed together. Another old hotel has since been listed as well as a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is a 75 acre area between the railroad tracks along the Naugatuck River and the Waterbury branch campus of the University of Connecticut. It is an intensively developed urban area, with many multi-story mixed-use buildings. There are 130 in total, with six objects and one structure counted among the contributing resources. Seventeen of the buildings are considered non-contributing, either due to construction outside the period of significance or later alterations. The oldest date to the 1805s; there is some modern infill.</p><br>
<p>Among the buildings are large parking lots, and two small parks, Waterbury Green and Library Park, provide open space. The terrain is generally flat, the former flood plain of the river valley. To the south Interstate 84 crosses the city and valley on an elevated viaduct, affording a panoramic view of the skyline to eastbound traffic on the upper level.</p><br>
<p>The northwestern corner is the intersection of State and West Main streets. The district boundary follows the middle of West Main for two blocks to Park Place, where it turns north, excluding the Mattatuck Museum Arts and History Center and including Immaculate Conception Church and other properties on the north side of West Main. At North Main Street it turns south again, then east along East Main to the eastern corner of the district, the open square at the junction of that street and North and South Elm streets.</p><br>
<p>From there it follows a diagonal course along property lines, crossing Scovill and South Main streets to the junction of Bank and Grand streets. There it follows Grand westward, including the properties on the south side west of Cottage Place. It detours down Field Street in order to include the armory, then all of Library Park and the former American Brass Company headquarters. After following Meadow Street back to Grand, it follows State Street back to the northwest corner.</p><br>
<p>Leavenworth Street, in the middle of the district, divides the two major uses of the district. To its east are more commercial blocks, with buildings packed densely, covering most of their lots, centered on Exchange Place, the blocks between East Main, Leavenworth, Bank and Grand. West, the buildings are primarily institutional, dominated by the row of buildings forming part of the Waterbury Municipal Center Complex, with large setbacks from the street and each other. There are some commercial buildings among them, and one major institutional building, the post office, is located in the eastern half.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Downtown Waterbury&#39;s history has four distinct eras, the same as the city as a whole: the period from settlement in the late 17th century to the beginning of industrialization, the industrial era of the rest of the century, the planned development after the 1902 fire, and the years of industrial decline since World War II.</p><br>
<h3>1677–1820: Pre-industrial era</h3><br>
<p>From the time of its settlement in the 1670s, Waterbury had been a lightly populated agricultural community. Its growth was hampered in the early years by flood and plague, and later the difficulty of farming the land. Several decades after the Revolution, its population was not much larger than it had been a century earlier.</p><br>
<p>Industrialization began in the early 1820s, with makers of carriages, buttons and clocks attracted to the water power offered by the many streams draining into the Naugatuck in the area, the feature which had given the town its name. To serve them, some local businessmen went into the brassmaking business. They established mills of their own which drew on British expertise in the area to make the alloy in sheets, beginning the industry the city was to become known for.</p><br>
<p>The industrialists began to change the city. Their first suggestion to the community was the creation of a town green.</p><br>
<p>Few buildings remain anywhere in Waterbury from the citys early years, due to the extensive rebuilding that followed. The dearth, in a region where many communities have 18th- and sometimes 17th-century buildings extant, is such that the local historical society has printed a brochure explaining the lack of such structure in Waterbury to visitors, and the citys daily newspaper once ran a contest to find its oldest house. Within the district, the oldest structure is an 1835 Greek Revival building at 67–73 South Main Street. Its layout and dimensions remain intact; its exterior has been so extensively altered that it is not considered a contributing property despite its advanced age.</p><br>
<h3>1825–1902: Industrialization</h3><br>
<p>Waterbury&#39;s growth continued to be steady but slow until it incorporated as a city in 1853. By 1860 its population had doubled to over 10,000. During this period Exchange Place, at the junction of the main east–west and north–south routes of the city, established itself as the central business hub of the city. The Greek Revival buildings on those blocks reflect that era.</p><br>
<p>Waterbury Green continued to develop, surrounded by a mix of public and private buildings, including City Hall, the library, and some private houses. The first monument, a flagpole, was added in 1851, joined by rectilinear dirt pathways later in the decade (themselves replaces with the current curved concrete paths in 1873). In 1884, to honor local veterans of the Civil War the Soldiers Monument by George Edwin Bissell, was added. Four years later, the Welton Fountain, memorializing its donors favorite horse, joined it at the opposite end of the park.</p><br>
<p>Industry, at first located in that core, began moving to larger spaces further away from it as the city expanded and grew with them. Merchants moved into bigger buildings, such as the 1888 Romanesque Revival Platt Block and 1890 Queen Anne Hanlon Block on East Main Street. The 1894 Apothecaries&#39; Hall, a seven-story flatiron-shaped building at Bank and South Main, has remained the focal point of Exchange Place ever since.</p><br>
<p>Local architects who would make their mark on the district began to do at this time. Wilfred E. Griggs first building of note, the Odd Fellows Hall on North Main, with its rare American use of the Venetian Gothic mode, went up in 1893. It was the first of two buildings he would design for local chapters of international fraternal organizations, reflecting their growing role in the citys social and political life. The 1889 Richardsonian Romanesque St. Patrick&#39;s Hall on East Main marked the rise of Irish Americans, not only in its social-service function but in the person of its architect, Joseph A. Jackson, himself the son of an Irish immigrant builder.</p><br>
<p>Wealthier residents built grand homes on West Main Street, like the John Kendrick House, as the expansion of the commercial district began pushing residential use out of that area. Houses of worship such as Henry C. Dudleys 1873 St. Johns Episcopal Church, and Henry Congden&#39;s Trinity Episcopal Church, ten years later, followed them. In 1894 the Silas Bronson library moved from the Green to its current location on Grand Street, the first such move of a major public building.</p><br>
<h3>1902–1945: Planning era</h3><br>
<p>By the turn of the century Waterbury was producing 48 percent of all American brass.</p><br>
<p>The strength of the citys industries, many of whom were building newer and larger facilities anyway, left it in a good position to recover from the 1902 fire which destroyed 42 buildings on three acres (3 acre) downtown, many newer construction in the Italianate style, such as the surviving 1854 Reynolds Block on North Main. After the flames were extinguished, the city set about restoring itself, giving the future district many of its distinctive buildings. The first, the Second Renaissance Revival Howland Hughes department store building on Bank Street, was opened the following year, the first such enterprise in Waterbury; and architect Wilfred E. Griggs followed it with the similarly styled Elton Hotel on West Main across from the Green the next year and the Masonic Temple further down the street in 1912. Such large-scale buildings ensured downtown remained the citys economic center, at the cost of driving all remaining residential use out. Residential buildings that remained were converted to institutional use; large apartment blocks like the 1910 Jacobethan Hitchcock and Northrop, two buildings next to the Masonic temple that shared a common elevator tower, were also built on the periphery of downtown.</p><br>
<p>As it had when creating Waterbury Green, an early urban renewal program was undertaken to create the new Library Park at the intersection of Grand and Meadow streets. Old commercial buildings and tenements in the area were demolished, and the streets realigned and straightened to create an appropriate neighborhood for the new Waterbury Union Station, which opened in 1909. Although outside the district, its 240 ft clock tower, modeled on the Torre del Mangia in Siena, Italy, has since become the city&#39;s distinguishing landmark owing to its dominance of the skyline.</p><br>
<p>Within the future district, American Brass, the citys largest employer, built its Renaissance Revival headquarters in 1913 at the Grand and Meadow corner, facing the station. It was complemented by the Georgian Revival Waterbury City Hall to the east designed by Cass Gilbert and completed in 1917, five years after the original building at Leavenworth and West Main was destroyed by an arsonist. Gilbert complemented it at the same time with the Chase Headquarters Building, for another one of the citys brassmakers. Other large buildings, mainly the headquarters of local banks, filled out Grand Street. These were all part of a conscious attempt, following the contemporary City Beautiful movement, to provide impressive vistas both approaching and leaving the commercial center at Exchange Place, now the hub of the city&#39;s trolley lines.</p><br>
<p>During World War I the citys brass mills were in constant operation for military contracts, first from the Allies and later the federal government when the United States joined them. Afterward, the prosperity continued into the Roaring Twenties, introducing more significant new buildings to the city. Some were in styles that had already been used downtown, like the Georgian Revival YMCA building on West Main, Gilberts 1921 Waterbury Savings Bank next to the municipal complex, and the Second Renaissance Revival Waterbury Savings Bank on North Main. Henry Bacon contributed the Citizens and Manufacturers Bank on Leavenworth Street in that style, in 1921, and the following year a third one, the Palace Theater on West Main, gave the city what was to be its premier theater for many years. The later years of the decade brought in newer styles like the Baroque Revival Immaculate Conception Church, a 1928 edifice reflecting the progress of Waterbury&#39;s Catholic immigrant communities.</p><br>
<p>The last significant architectural style downtown, the Art Deco and modernist buildings, came at the end of this period, just before the Great Depression put a halt to most new private construction. The most prominent examples of these styles in the district are the 1930 Brown Building at the corner of East and South Main, and the 1931 Art Deco post office on Grand Street. Further down the street the same year&#39;s Telephone Building, by Douglas Orr, uses modernistic brick detailing on a Georgian Revival design.</p><br>
<h3>1946–present: Decline and renewal</h3><br>
<p>A decade later, prosperity returned as World War II drove the brass mills into round-the-clock production again. This time it did not continue after the war, as plastics began to displace brass in manufacturing. Downtown also suffered as returning veterans, who were honored with a new, star-shaped monument on the Green, sought to live in more suburban neighborhoods, with a single-family house and a yard, a living option that no longer existed in the center of the city. This created a demand for newer and bigger roads to accommodate the automobile traffic that came to the city from those suburbs, and buildings were demolished to build them.</p><br>
<p>The effect on the district was mixed. While the bus routes that replaced the trolley lines continued to meet at Exchange Place, urban renewal programs later in the 20th century eliminated some major properties, most notably the McKim, Mead and White Buckingham Block at the corner of Bank and Grand and the neighboring Democrat Building. At West Main and Bank, Baubees Corner, a brick building inspired by Federal style rowhouses of the early 19th century, also met the wrecking ball. Other historic buildings, such as the 1908 Rietner Building on North Main, home to the citys Chamber of Commerce, were modernized to an extent that their historic character was lost.</p><br>
<p>Newer construction continued in the district, with the new UConn campus taking up much of the cleared land in the east, obliterating Spring and School streets in the process. A new Bronson Library was built in 1963, followed by a new state courthouse nine years later, in 1974. Downtown has remained the economic center of the city and its surrounding region of the Naugatuck Valley, with many local banks still clustering their offices around the Green.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s neglect of City Hall led to the citys own building department citing it as unsafe. In 2006 a $48 million bond issue for renovations was rejected by voters in a referendum. The next year the citys Board of Aldermen put together a $36 million plan for which no referendum was sought. The rebuilt building opened in early 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>At the time the district was listed on the Register, there were three properties within it that had previously been listed. Another one has been added since. In addition, there are many other contributing properties notable within the context of the district. Some have been nominated to the Register in the past, and may be listed themselves in the future.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Elton Hotel, 16–30 West Main Street. This six-story Second Renaissance Revival brick structure with limestone trim, designed by Wilfred E. Griggs, has dominated the Green ever since its construction in 1904. Today it is a senior living facility.</p><br>
<p>Enoch Hubbard and George Granniss Houses, 33 and 41 Church Street. These two wood frame houses, in the Italianate and Stick styles respectively, date to the 1860s. They are among the few single-family residences remaining downtown, both since converted to commercial use.</p><br>
<p>John Kendrick House, 119 West Main Street. The Mattatuck Museum operates this brick Italianate house on the Green, also built in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>Waterbury Municipal Center Complex, Grand and Field streets. Waterburys City Hall is surrounded by other large buildings in the City Beautiful monumental style, not all of them originally public in function. Cass Gilberts designs were built between 1914 and 1922.</p><br>
<h3>Other notable contributing properties</h3><br>
<p>American Brass Company Building, 414–436 Meadow Street. The brick Second Renaissance Revival headquarters of the largest company in the city&#39;s most important industry was opened in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Apothecaries&#39; Hall, 63 Bank Street. Built in 1894 from a Second Renaissance Revival design by local architect Theodore B. Peck, this seven-story flatiron-shaped building has long been the focal point of Exchange Place. Recently remodeled into luxury apartments.</p><br>
<p>Brown Building, 20 East Main Street. One of the last large commercial buildings erected during the district&#39;s period of significance, this three-story corner modernist structure from 1930 has intricate Art Deco detailing.</p><br>
<p>Catholic Family Services, 56 Church Street. Dating to 1856, this wood frame Italianate house with fluted Tower of the Winds-style columns is one of the oldest residential buildings in the district. Like so many of the other houses, it has been adapted for institutional use.</p><br>
<p>Citizens&#39; National Bank, 18 Leavenworth Street. This stone 1922 Second Renaissance Revival structure was designed by Lincoln Memorial architect Henry Bacon. Its interior has since mostly been modernized.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Franklin Statue, Library Park. This 1918 bronze rendering of a seated Franklin by Paul Wayland Bartlett is the only contributing object in the district outside of Waterbury Green.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Apartments, 180–182 Grand Street. Two 1910 joined four-story brick structures are the only Beaux-Arts buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>Hanlon Block, 181–187 East Main Street. This four-story brick structure, built around 1890, is one of the rare commercial uses of the Queen Anne Style.</p><br>
<p>The Hitchcock and The Northrop, 164–184 West Main Street. Wilfred E. Griggs designed one of these two 1910 Jacobethan apartment buildings. The five-story brick structures, with yellow brick and limestone detailing, are joined by a common elevator tower.</p><br>
<p>Howland-Hughes Company Building, 114–138 Bank Street. Griggs & Hunt built this five-story Second Renaissance Revival home to Waterbury&#39;s first true department store within a year of the 1902 fire. Today it is home to The Connecticut Store, which sells only items made in the state.</p><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception Church, West Main Street. This 1928 limestone Baroque Revival Roman Catholic church was based on a 17th-century Roman basilica.</p><br>
<p>Johnson Building, 111–115 Bank Street. A 4-story concrete structure from 1925, it is the only Late Gothic Revival building in the district. It has been slightly remodeled with a modern storefront.</p><br>
<p>Masonic Temple, 160 West Main Street. The later of Wilfred E. Griggs&#39; two buildings for a local chapter of an international fraternal organization is a four-story stone Second Renaissance Revival structure finished in 1912. It consists of two distinct sections joined at right angles along the corner of West Main and Park Place.</p><br>
<p>New Haven County Courthouse Building, 15–17 Kendrick Street. This stone Second Renaissance Revival courthouse was another of the monumental public buildings envisioned for the Grand Street corridor. It has since been replaced with a newer building nearby, reflecting Connecticut&#39;s abolition of county government.</p><br>
<p>Odd Fellows Hall, 36 North Main Street. This 1893 building for the fraternal organization marked their growing importance within the city. Local architect Wilfred E. Griggs made rare use of the Venetian Gothic mode in one of his earliest buildings.</p><br>
<p>Palace Theatre, 86–110 East Main Street. For years after its 1922 opening, this Second Renaissance Revival building was the city&#39;s premier theater. Hotel rooms were also included.</p><br>
<p>Palomba Building, 150 Bank Street. An 1845 Italianate commercial structure that is one of the few intact buildings from that era remaining. Originally built as a house, with modern storefronts attached.</p><br>
<p>Platt Block, 43 East Main Street. A four-story stone brick building with limestone trim, it was one of the first large commercial buildings in the district when built in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Reynolds Block, 26–28 North Main Street. Half of an otherwise intact 1854 Italianate building facing the Welton Fountain, it is typical of the buildings that characterized downtown Waterbury before the 1902 fire.</p><br>
<p>Rose Building, 77–85 South Main Street. This modernist brick commercial building with the Art Deco letters spelling out "Rose" on the facade dates to approximately 1950, making it the district&#39;s youngest contributing property.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Episcopal Church Complex, 16 Church Street. Henry Dudleys 1873 granite Gothic Revival church is complemented with an 1890 Romanesque center by local architect R.W. Hill and 1922 Richard Henry Dana stone Jacobethan parish house.</p><br>
<p>St. Patricks Hall, 112–118 East Main Street. Joseph A. Jackson, the son of an Irish immigrant builder, designed this 1889 brick Romanesque structure with a brownstone front facade. His credit as architect, and the buildings use, marked the social arrival of Waterbury&#39;s Irish American community.</p><br>
<p>Telephone Building, 348 Grand Street. On its 1930 brick Georgian Revival facade is Art Deco detailing and brickwork.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church, 21 Prospect Street. The smallest church in the district is Henry Martyn Congdon&#39;s 1883 stone structure in the Early English Gothic Revival style. A parish house was added to the rear in 1900. This building was demolished in 2018.</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office, Grand Street. The most significant modern public building in the district is this 1931 white marble Art Deco edifice. George Oakley Totten Jr., under Treasury Department Supervising Architect James Wetmore, was credited with the design.</p><br>
<p>Waterbury Armory, Field Street. Its use of the Romanesque style in 1922 was one of the last in the district. It complements the adjacent public and private structures in the Gilbert municipal complex.</p><br>
<p>Waterbury YMCA, 122–130 West Main Street. One of the last large Georgian Revival buildings in the city when it was erected in 1924.</p><br>
<h3>Waterbury Green</h3><br>
<p>The two-acre (8,000 m) park between North, East and West Main and Leavenworth streets, the symbolic center of the city, links Waterbury to its early years, as a renovated fragment of the original town common. Over the course of the 19th century it assumed its current configuration with curved concrete walkways. Since its creation it has been the venue for many public events such as troop musters during wartime, demonstrations against those wars and economic hardship during the Panic of 1893 and Great Depression, and speeches by John, Robert and Ted Kennedy.</p><br>
<p>It has four monuments, all but one of which are contributing objects to the district:</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers&#39; Monument, at the west end. George Edwin Bissell sculpted this bronze "Winged Victory" atop a 48 ft granite base with smaller figures in its niches. It was installed in 1884 to honor and memorialize local veterans of the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Veterans&#39; Monument, near the east end. The city commissioned this modernist 1958 monument to all local veterans. It is non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>The Waterbury Clock, center. The head of the local Chamber of Commerce fought to have this tall granite Seth Thomas clock tower, commemorating another important local business, placed on the Green in 1915. It is still sometimes referred to as the Colley Clock, after him.</p><br>
<p>Welton Fountain, east end. This 1888 Karl Gerhardt statue of donor Caroline Welton&#39;s favorite horse, "Knight", is atop a fountain.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>Waterbury&#39;s zoning code recognizes the downtown area as its Central Business District (CBD). Its purpose is "to encourage intensive development of a diversity of land uses within the area." The only provision unique to it is that any residential use must have a side or rear setback of at least 15 ft. There are no special provisions for historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>In 1998 the city established an Information Technology Zone over a 42-block area including the historic district. The state spent $2.2 million installing fiber optic, and set aside money for incentives to encourage businesses to locate in the zone. These include tax abatements and financing for eligible businesses, those which use modern technology to conduct their business.</p><br>
<p>Private businesses, landowners, residents and city officials have also joined to create Main Street Waterbury. Its goal is "to increase the political, physical, and economic value of Downtown Waterbury." It promotes the cultural and business opportunities available downtown for residents and visitors alike.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel and Mary Lee House is a historic house on Pepperidge Road in Portland, Connecticut. Built about 1774, it is a well-preserved example of rural vernacular colonial-era residential architecture, with later Federal period alterations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Daniel and Mary Lee House is located in a rural setting of eastern Portland, on the north side of Pepperidge Road east of Jobs Pond Road. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a central chimney. A single story shed-roof ell, part of the house&#39;s original construction, extends to the rear. It has a side-hall plan inside, an atypical layout for traditional 18th-century houses, and its chimney is set further back than usual. It is rendered even more unusual by architectural evidence that it was once about six feet longer than it presently is. The long hall makes possible a longer-run main staircase with wide treads. Original period features include interior doors and hardware, horizontal board wainscoting in the dining room, and early 19th-century Federal period decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built in 1770, after James Stevenson gave his daughter Mary and her husband Daniel Lee two acres of land. It is the only known house of its type to survive in the town. The Lees lived in the house, raising ten children, until 1794, when it was sold (along with a larger parcel of adjacent land) to Daniel White. A later owner, Daniel Smith, probably made the Federal-style alterations; he operated a nearby tannery.</p><br>
<p>Hills Academy is a historic school building at 22 Prospect Street in Essex, Connecticut. It is now the home of the Essex Historical Society, and was also historically known as the Red Mens Hall because it served as an Improved Order of Red Men lodge. It is a two-story Greek Revival building that was built in 1832, and was used as a school until 1910. It was used by the Improved Order of Red Men between 1915 and 1954. The town then established the Essex Historical Society to receive the property and to preserve local history. and The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The academy building occupies a prominent location overlooking Essexs Main Street area, facing east on the west side of Prospect Street just south of the Congregational and Baptist churches. It is a two-story brick building, with a gabled roof capped by a squat single-stage belfry. The front facade is three bays wide, articulated by brick pilasters painted white, which rise to an entablature and fully pedimented gable. Pilasters are also found at the corners of the wood-framed belfry, which has rectangular louvered openings. The main entrance is in the central bay, while the flanking bays are blank. The interior has an entrance vestibule, from which narrow stairs wind to the second floor on the right. Each floor has a single large chamber, which functioned as classrooms during the buildings academy phase. Original finishes include wood flooring and staircase trim.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The academy was founded in 1831 through the efforts of John Hill, a local businessman, and this building was completed the following year. It was one of the first secondary schools in southern Connecticut, providing the equivalent of a junior high school education to students from as far away as the states in the American South. By 1892, the town had an established public high school, and the academy was dissolved in 1902, its building turned over to the town.</p><br>
<p>The Sawyer–Curtis House is a historic residence in the community of Little Hocking in Washington County, Ohio, United States. Sawyer&#39;s house is a weatherboarded structure with a tin roof and a foundation of sandstone. Built around a frame of logs, it is constructed with a typical New England floor plan, with its most significant individual feature being a massive chimney at the center of the house.</p><br>
<p>Besides serving as Sawyers home, the house has served a range of purposes over the past two centuries. Among the other individuals who have lived there is its other namesake, Horace Curtis, who was one of the leading members of Washington County society in his day. Its uses have not been restricted to residential purposes: it has also been used as a post office and as a store, although it is currently used as a residence. In 1984, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, along with one related building; it qualified for this designation because of its historically significant architecture and its place as the home of one of the areas leading citizens.</p><br>
<p>The Millen House  is a historic residence on the campus of Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Built by an early farmer, it is one of Bloomington&#39;s oldest houses, and it has been named a historic landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Raintree House is a Greek Revival style brick house. The house gets its name from two large raintrees (Koelreuteria paniculata), which once stood on the property. Built by William Moffett Millen c. 1845, it is an example of the Georgian house plan favored by well-to-do farmers in southern Indiana and the Upland South in the mid-nineteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Millen family</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1801 in Chester District, South Carolina, William Moffett Millen married the former Eleanor McGill, a native of Xenia, Ohio, and moved to Bloomington circa 1833. He was one of many Scotch-Irish South Carolinians who moved to the Bloomington region around this time; these individuals fled north because of their opposition to the slavery system prevalent in South Carolina at the time. Most of these people, including Millen, were members of small Presbyterian denominations: the Associate, Associate Reformed, and Reformed Presbyterian Churches. These three denominations were very similar to each other: the Reformed and Associate churches left the Church of Scotland due to what they believed to be that denominations departure from biblical teachings; Because of their shared heritage, the members of the three denominations were culturally very similar and maintained social ties across their religious differences. When the Reformed Presbyterian Churchs governing body banned slavery in 1800, its members complied with the decision almost unanimously, becoming fervent abolitionists; although the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in the South never spoke officially on the subject, many of its members were in agreement with the Reformed Presbyterians. As the economy of upland South Carolina faltered in the 1820s, many members of these churches began to sell their small farms and move to free states.</p><br>
<p>An abolitionist Associate Reformed Presbyterian, Millen chose to move to the recently founded town of Bloomington, which had been started fifteen years earlier as the home of the Indiana State Seminary. Although isolated from transportation routes such as the Ohio River, the town was growing as a center of education and as the commercial and political hub of Monroe County. When Millen and his family settled in Bloomington, they found a population of approximately seven hundred residents. Millen purchased one quarter section of land between the Nashville and Columbus Roads. Here, he and his wife and three children built a log cabin; on their farm, the family grew such crops as corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes; among their livestock were thirty-five cattle, a number significantly greater than the typical small farmer of the period could own. Besides farming, the Millens operated a kiln, which they used to manufacture bricks for multiple significant buildings in the city. As the years passed, the farm was expanded; by 1860, the farm had grown to 320 acre, twice its original size.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and architecture</h2><br>
<p>As his prosperity grew, William Millen erected a far larger house in 1845. Replacing the original log cabin was a sizeable Georgian residence with Greek Revival influences, built primarily of bricks from his own kiln. Such a house demonstrates the prosperity of its builder: and styles such as the Georgian and Greek Revival represented the increasing influence of Eastern sophistication. Located on N. Bryan Avenue, the house is a two-story building constructed of hand-pressed bricks; it rests on a limestone foundation and features significant amounts of framing made of tuliptree wood. The load-bearing walls of the interior, also built of brick, range from 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) in thickness; some wooden frame, including a central beam 1.5 ft thick, also supports the house.</p><br>
<p>Millen&#39;s house is a rectangular building planned in a highly symmetrical fashion. All of its twenty-seven windows (each the same size as all of the others) are arranged in a regular fashion around the entrances on the five-bay northern and southern fronts of the house and on both of its three-bay ends. Two chimneys are located on each of the two ends, with one on either side of the peak of the roof. Regularity of design is also evidenced on the inside, in which each floor is divided into four rooms with a central hallway; each room features a fireplace and entrances to the hallway and to the adjacent room. Few ornate architectural details are present in the house; the most prominent of those that exist are the four Doric pillars of the small front porch and a simple cornice at the base of the porch roof. Throughout the interior, elements such as the fireplaces, woodworking, window glass, and molding are original to the house, although all of the fireplaces have been modified to prevent their use as fireplaces.</p><br>
<h2>After construction</h2><br>
<p>Although a member of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Millen was closely associated with leading members of the Bloomington Reformed Presbyterian Church, which was founded twelve years before his arrival in Monroe County. Due to their fiercely abolitionist position, Reformed Presbyterian leaders such as Thomas Smith and James Faris, the congregation&#39;s first minister, were active participants in the local Underground Railroad movement. Because these men, like Millen, lived on farms east of town, it is possible that he collaborated with them. Local tradition has regarded the Millen House as an active station on the Underground Railroad; while no proof has been found for such a position, the close distance between these three farms makes such a situation more likely.</p><br>
<p>William Millen sold his house and farm to another local farmer, James Clark, in 1880. From this point, the familys history is divided and somewhat obscure: both Millen sons moved to the Great Plains, William and his daughter Eliza remained in Monroe County, where they are buried, and Eleanors date of death, place of death, and place of burial are all shrouded in mystery. Clark owned the land for just two years, selling it to a farming family named Rogers, which remained on the property until 1900. In that year, the farm was purchased at auction by Henry and Minnie Lee for slightly less than $4,000 — substantially less than the $8,500 for which Millen had sold it or the $12,000 for which the Rogers had bought it. As Bloomington began to grow eastward, the Lees&#39; land rose in value; they sold the land to another couple in 1923, who platted and sold most of the farm for residential purposes, and who quickly sold the house itself for $7,500 (~$ in ) to Indiana University professor Agnes Wells. For most of her time as owner, Wells rented the house to university students. Another couple bought the house in 1944 but sold it to the university two years later. At that time, the G.I. Bill led to vastly increased enrollment; therefore, the university used the residence to house faculty and staff, and the surrounding neighborhood was purchased for student housing. The last private owner, Ann Stallknecht, bought the property in 1950; in 1969, she sold the property back to the university, which has owned it since that time.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the property reverted to university ownership, history professor Thomas D. Clark became the executive secretary of the Organization of American Historians. Working with university president Herman B Wells, Clark arranged for the organization&#39;s headquarters to be moved into the Millen House in 1970, where they have remained to the present day. Today, the organization primarily refers to it as the "Raintree House," a name derived from two large raintrees that were formerly located on the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Only three other Georgian houses from the early and middle nineteenth century survive in Bloomington and the surrounding area; two of them have been modified greatly, and the third is collapsing, making the Millen House one of Monroe County&#39;s earliest and best preserved residences. Between 1999 and 2001, historic preservation officials working with the city of Bloomington surveyed the entire city and identified over two thousand buildings that were deemed to be historic to one extent or another. The house is referred to as the Millen-Stallknecht House, #105-055-80021 in City of Bloomington Historic Sites and Structures Inventory.</p><br>
<p>Because of its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in the settlement of the region, the Millen House was given the rating of "Outstanding&quot the highest of the ratings given by the survey, it was accorded to less than three percent of the citys historic buildings. Key to the criteria for an Outstanding rating was that a property be likely to pass the criteria for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. In recognition of this status, more extensive research into the houses history was performed in the early 2000s, and the Millen House was listed on the National Register on September 29, 2004. It is one of forty properties and historic districts in Monroe County with this distinction.</p><br>
<p>Poughkeepsie City Hall is a historic city hall located in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York at 228 Main Street. It was built in 1831 and is a two-story, red brick building with a basement and attic, in the Greek Revival style. It has a gable roof with a rooftop belfry with square columns, spindle balustrade, and slate covered hipped roof. It is currently used as the Commissioner of Jurors Office.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Poughkeepsie&#39;s current city hall stands around the corner at Civic Center Plaza and is constructed in the brutalist style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed when Poughkeepsie was still a village, with the intention of having a fish market on the first floor and a village hall on the second. It cost $7,200 ($ in 2016) to build in addition to the $7,000 to acquire the land parcels for the project. When Poughkeepsie became incorporated as a city in 1854, the building then became known as city hall. In 1865, the space was remodeled for use as the Poughkeepsie Post Office, where it operated until 1886 after the completion of a new post office building around the corner on Market Street. A newspaper operated there for a short time after until the city needed the space to accommodate more municipal offices. In 1943, then-mayor Daniel Wilbur proposed to raze the aging structure and replace it with a grand municipal building akin in style to the New York Public Library in Manhattan. The proposed replacement was never built but the structure was refurbished the following year. The exterior paint was sandblasted to show the original brick color and brownstone elements were added. The building was acquired by the county government in 1972 when the city government moved to the current city hall. The county planned to demolish it and create a parking lot for the nearby county offices but several members of the public opposed this and pushed for the building to be reused. The county struggled to find a stable tenant for the building until the 1990s when it was finally renovated for use as the Commissioner of Jurors Office. The building still has its tin ceilings and the original bell remains in the belfry. The old city hall is the only public building that remains from the years when Poughkeepsie was still a village.</p><br>
<p>The James Pharmacy is a historic building at 2 Pennywise Lane in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Built in an evolutionary manner beginning about 1820, it is significant as the home and workplace of Anna Louise James , who was the first African-American woman pharmacist in the state, and owned the pharmacy for some time. It is also the birthplace and childhood home of author Ann Petry, who was James&#39; niece. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and is a contributing element in the Old Saybrook South Green district.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The James Pharmacy building is located near the southern end of Old Saybrooks historic town center, at the southwest junction of Main Street and Pennywise Lane. It is a -story wood-frame structure, shaped like an L and covered by a gabled roof. It is finished in wooden clapboards, and has a single-story shed-roof section filling the crook of the L. That sections facade consists of three segmented-arch bays, articulated by pilasters and filled in the lower part by siding and the upper part by fixed multi-pane windows. To its right is the projecting main block, with the entrance on the left side, framed by pilasters and a pedimented gable, and a 20th-century bay window on the right. The gable is filled by siding in a sunburst pattern, with a carved mortar and pestle motif at the center.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired around 1898 by Peter and Bertha (James) Lane, an African-American couple. Peter Lane was one of the first African-American pharmacists in the state, and the couple was eventually joined by Berthas younger sister Anna. She followed Peter into the pharmacy business, earning her pharmacists license in 1911. Overcoming discrimination based both on sex and race, Anna James operated the business until her retirement in 1955. Customers included several high-profile summer residents of the area, Katharine Hepburn and Howard Hughes among them.</p><br>
<p>The Burnell Tavern is an historic former tavern on Maine State Route 113 in West Baldwin, Maine. Built in 1737, it is the oldest building in the rural community, and has long been a local landmark. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1983. It is now a private residence, not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Burnell Tavern is located in West Baldwin, a dispersed rural area. It is set on the west side of the Pequawket Trail (Maine State Routes 5, 113 and 117), historically the principal route between the coast of southern Maine and Fryeburg, which was the location of the Native American community known as Pequawket. Its main block is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, two asymmetrically placed chimneys, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. The front, facing east, is symmetrically arranged, with the entrance set in a gable-roofed vestibule projecting at the center, flanked by sidelight windows. A secondary entrance is located on the south side, topped by a transom window and entablature. A two-story ell extends to the rear, flush with the main block&#39;s south side, giving the building an L shape. At the rear of the property stands a 19th-century carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1737 by Gideon Burnell, a local farmer, and is believed to be the oldest building standing in Baldwin. Burnell also operated local grist and saw mills, and a store. The tavern catered to travelers en route between Portland and central New Hampshire, and remained in the hands of Burnell&#39;s descendants into the 20th century. It is now a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Blackhawk Putnam Tavern is an historic house at 22 North Street in Houlton, Maine, United States. Built in 1813, it is the oldest standing building in Aroostook County. In the mid-19th century, it served as a tavern on the military road, and one of its owners was Blackhawk Putnam, a veteran of the American Civil War. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 30, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Blackhawk Putnam Tavern is set on the west side of North Street (United States Route 1), a short way north of a bend in the Meduxnekeag River, which winds through Houlton. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with two fully framed stories, and an additional under the side-gable roof. There are two interior brick chimneys. The main facade faces east, and is five bays wide, with the center entry sheltered by a 20th-century Colonial Revival portico. Windows are symmetrically spaced, with a slightly wider gap on either side of the center bay. The corners of the building have wide corner boards, and the front and rear have a broad entablature below the roof line. The interior of the building follows a typical Federal-period center-hall plan, with two rooms on either side of the hall at each level. Trim, both interior and exterior, is a combination of Federal and Greek Revival styling.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1813 by Samuel Wormwood, a master carpenter originally from Alfred, Maine, for Aaron Putnam, who had settled in the Houlton area in 1805. It was not the first house built in Houlton by Wormwood; a house built for the local doctor in 1812 burned down in 1879. Houlton was connected to the rest of Maine by a military road built in 1828, and it is probable that the house began to serve as a tavern around then, as it was likely the largest house in the small community. The house was the scene of several sessions of the Washington County district court before the area was set off as Aroostook County in 1839. It then held sessions of that countys court for a number of years, and was owned by John Varnum Putnam, the county sheriff for many years. Putnams son, Blackhawk, commanded a company of Maine volunteer infantry in the American Civil War. The property was used as a restaurant for a time after his death. It is now a private residence and home of New Day, a social services agency.</p><br>
<p>The Wilbur Cahoon House is one of the oldest homes in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The house is 80 ft long with 12 rooms, situated overlooking French Creek. Wilbur Cahoon arrived in Avon in 1814 from Herkimer County, New York with his wife, Priscilla and family; Cahoon purchased 800 acres through a trade of 100 acres in New York. His new land was covered by a forest, and he and his family constructed a log cabin as a temporary shelter. In the following year, he began to build a sawmill nearby along French Creek, and in 1818 established a gristmill. The log cabin was no longer the Cahoon family home after 1826, when the present house was erected. Later in life, Cahoon entered into local public service: he served as Justice of the Peace for Avon, Sheffield and Dover Townships, as well as holding offices such as overseer of the poor, elections judge, and constable.</p><br>
<p>Cahoon&#39;s house is a Greek Revival building with prominent local vernacular influences. Although the style is typical of period houses in the region, its floor plan is unusually disorderly, in contrast to the symmetry of typical Greek Revival structures, and the house is unusually short for its footprint. Set on a stone foundation, the house is a two-story wooden structure with a protruding gabled section on the left, as seen from the road. Shuttered windows fill much of the wall space on the facade.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Cahoon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its connection to Cahoon. As the home of the first pioneer in the area and as one of the area&#39;s earliest buildings in any architectural style, it occupies a significant place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Avon Isle Park Pavilion is a 50 ft by 70 ft sandstone dance pavilion located on Detroit Road, Avon, Ohio. The dance pavilion is housed in a building featuring several French Colonial revival architecture pieces, including a low hip roof and columned porches. Overall, the building is 48 ft by 68 ft and features a stage and kitchenette. From the 1920s until the 1970s, the venue hosted a variety of civic and social events. It was also available for private events. During the early years, the larger cities nearby; Lorain and Elyria prohibited dancing on Sunday. This allowed Avon Isle to host big-name entertainers like Guy Lombardo. Currently, the building has been renovated and is available for rent by businesses as well as individuals who wish to use the building as a venue for their events at a fee for Avon residents of $150 for the first two hours and an additional $35 for each additional hour and a fee of $200 with a fee of $50 for each additional hour for non-Avon residents.</p><br>
<p>Avon Isle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Herman Wood Round Barn is a historic building located near Iowa Falls in rural Franklin County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1916 by Herman Wood as a cattle barn. Matt King of the Permanent Buildings Society of Des Moines acted as the building consultant. The building is a true round barn that measures 122 ft in diameter. The barn is constructed of clay tile and features a 20 ft silo that extends through the flat roof. The rolled-asphalt roof is suspended by wire cables that are hooked to rods at the top of the silo. King designed the system and wrote an article concerning the barn&#39;s construction in a 1917 issue of American Carpenter and Builder. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Chief Andrew J. Blackbird House, also known as the Andrew J. Blackbird Museum, is located at 368 East Main Street in Harbor Springs, Michigan. Now a museum, it was built as the home of the Chief Andrew Blackbird family. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and currently operates as a museum of American Indian artifacts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chief Andrew Blackbird was an Odawa (Ottawa) tribe leader, historian, and proponent of Indian civil rights. He was author of the 1887 book, History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan. He was born in about 1815, and as an adult served in a number of government posts, including being appointed US interpreter for the Mackinac Agency in 1861 and appointed postmaster of Little Traverse (now Harbor Springs) in 1869.</p><br>
<p>Blackbird purchased this house in about 1858 for the use of his family. When he was appointed postmaster, the house doubled as the post office, and residents picked up their mail in the Blackbird kitchen. As the town grew and the salary of the postmaster increased, new residents disliked the arrangement, and in 1873 petitioned to have Blackbird removed. In response, Blackbird built an addition to his house to serve as the post office. However, Blackbird was removed as postmaster in 1877.</p><br>
<p>Blackbird&#39;s wife, Elizabeth, continued to live in the house until her death in 1920. Her two sons lived there until their deaths, the last in 1947. It was then sold to the Michigan Indian Foundation, and opened as a local museum in 1948. The City of Harbor Springs purchased the house in 1964, with the stipulation that it be used an Indian museum. It now operates as a museum of American Indian artifacts.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chief Andrew Blackbird House is constructed in two connected parts, both -story wood-frame buildings clad with white-painted wooden clapboard siding. The original 1860 section has a porch extending across the front, the entry door opens into the kitchen. The connected early 1870s section served as a post office, and has a false front above the entrance. This section still contains some of the original mailboxes. Each section has a brick chimney.</p><br>
<p>The Frantz Round Barn is a historic building that was located near Grand Junction in rural Greene County, Iowa, United States. It was built by Beecher Lamb in 1911. The true round barn measured 55 ft in diameter. The barn was constructed in concrete block from Mid-Iowa Concrete of Grand Junction. It featured a 56 ft tall central silo that was 16 ft in diameter. The interior had a circular around the central silo on the first floor. The second floor had stalls for 12-14 horses, a circular, haymow, and granary. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. It has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>The Holtkamp Round Barn is a historic building located near Salem in rural Henry County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1918 by its first owner B.J. Holtkamp who used the plans drawn up by Matt L. King. The building is a true round barn that measures 50 ft in diameter. It is constructed of clay tile from Mt. Pleasant Brick & Tile Mfg. Co. of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa and features an aerator, hay carrier, and a two-pitch roof. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Plagmann Round Barn is an historic building located near Conroy in rural Iowa County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1912 as a cattle barn by Charles and Richard Plagmann. The building is a true round barn that measures 100 ft in diameter. It is one of the largest Iowa Agriculture Experimental Station/Matt King type barns in the state. It is three floored — at the bottom is the feeding floor, at the middle is the stalls and at the top is the haymow. The barn is constructed of terracotta clay tile and features an aerator, a two-pitch roof and a 16-foot  central silo. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Dyas Hexagonal Barn is a historical building located near Bellevue in rural Jackson County, Iowa, United States. Built in 1921, it is a round barn measuring 50 ft around, with red horizontal siding on a stone foundation, a tin roof, and a central wood stave silo extending through the roof. Originally the roof was flat or almost flat; it is one of four round barns known to have been built on the same farm. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Polygonal Barn, Van Buren Township was a historic building located in Van Buren Township in rural Jackson County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1920 by Gus Klenney as a sale barn. They house livestock that are shown and sold to buyers. It is not known what livestock were sold here. The building was octagonal in shape and measured 50 ft in diameter. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The structure has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>The Polygonal Barn, Lincoln Township was a historic building located in Lincoln Township in rural Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1880 by George Frank Longerbean. The barn was an 8-sided structure and has subsequently been torn down. It featured a bell shaped roof of curving hand-laminated beams. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Charles B. Reynolds Round Barn was a historic building located near Doon in rural Lyon County, Iowa, United States. It was built in the summer of 1904. In the early 1920s, the original conical roof was damaged due to a windstorm and replaced with a gambrel roof. The building was a true round barn and featured white horizontal siding, a two-pitch sectional roof and an octagon louvered cupola. The barn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. The barn was razed in September 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Winter Saloon, also known as Harm&#39;s Bar, is a historic structure in Norwood Young America, Minnesota, United States. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on January 4, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Winter Saloon is located on the corner of Elm and Hazel Streets in the central business district of historic Norwood, Minnesota. The town merged with neighboring Young America in 1997 to become Norwood Young America. The L-shaped, two story wood frame structure is sheathed in clapboard and topped with a gable roof. The orientation of the plan allows the commercial section to front the main street while the residential section is set back to allow for a front porch and small lawn.</p><br>
<p>The gable end of the commercial section forms the street facade. The original fenestration remains, including the design of the store front, the four-over-four double hung windows with peaked cornices and a fanlight near the top of the gable. The second floor of the commercial section originally served as a meeting hall and has an exterior enclosed staircase. The residential section is divided into three bays which front on the street. A one-story porch running the length of the street facade, and uses a simple configuration supported by three square posts with beveled corners. The windows for this section are two-over-two double hung and capped with simple cornices.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Winter Saloon is the oldest and best preserved of Norwood Young America&#39;s bars, and is a dominating architectural feature in the small downtown. The original owners, the Winter Brothers, received the first liquor license in Norwood in 1891. Known as a "thirst parlor", it was located on the first floor of the commercial portion of the building. The second floor meeting hall was used by various fraternal organizations such as the Degree of Honor and Modern Woodmen. The proprietor lived in the residential section of the building.</p><br>
<p>At the time the first liquor license was issued in 1891 it cost $2.08. The bar went through a series of owners until Prohibition in 1919. In 1934, after the law was repealed, the bar was purchased by George Harms, Sr. A liquor license at that time cost $200.00. The bar remained in three generations of his family and was open at the time the building was listed on the NRHP in 1980; during this period the cost of a liquor license peaked at $1500 in 1954.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue, also known as the "Longfellow House", is a historic home in Pascagoula, Mississippi facing the Gulf of Mexico and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1850 as a home for slave trader Daniel Smith Graham. Since then, the building has served a number of functions including a girls&#39; school, a private residence, as well as, a private resort and club owned by Ingalls Shipbuilding. Legend has it that Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once stayed here when he wrote his work The Building of the Ship but little evidence has emerged to support this.</p><br>
<p>Later, the property was purchased by Richard Scruggs and his wife, Dianne, who restored the structure and donated it to the University of Mississippi Foundation. After being damaged by Hurricane Katrina, it was sold in 2006 to Drs. Randy and Tracy Roth for use as a private residence.</p><br>
<p>Smithson–McCall Farm is a 256.3 acre historic district in Bethesda, Tennessee. The farm was listed under the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The listing claims that the property "documents the impact of the progressive agricultural movement of the early twentieth century on the operations and landscape of a middle-class family farm," and includes an "architecturally significant group of buildings and structures, placed within an agricultural landscape of high integrity...that represents a good example of farmstead architecture in Middle Tennessee and that reflects the impact of the Progressive Farm movement of the early twentieth century".</p><br>
<p>The property has also been known as Smithson-Fisher Farm, Happy Hills Farm, WM. 1043, Fisher Farm, and Bag End Farm throughout its history.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse was constructed c. 1830 and changed significantly c. 1860 and c. 1920. Additional farm structures were added during c.1920-c.1940, including a dairy barn, a dairy silo, a well house, a burley tobacco barn, a water trough, a garage, a smokehouse and a chicken coop. The property includes four ponds. It includes Colonial Revival and "Hall and parlor" architecture and other styles. When listed, the district included seven contributing buildings, six contributing structures, and one contributing site.</p><br>
<p>The listing is described in its NRHP nomination document.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a study of Historic Family Farms in Middle Tennessee MPS.</p><br>
<p>As "Fisher Farm", it is listed as a Tennessee Century Farm. It continues as a working farm, raising sheep.</p><br>
<p>The Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert is a historic limestone bridge in southern Clark County, Ohio, United States. It carries Rocky Point Road over Mud Run, a tributary of the Mad River, just west of its intersection with Old Mill Road. Located approximately 3.5 mi east of Enon in eastern Mad River Township, it was constructed under the leadership of stonemason Samuel Taylor in 1871. In the past, the region was dotten with stone culverts, which were built in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to carry roads over small watercourses. Today, few stone culverts survive in Ohio; the Old Enon Road culvert is both Clark County&#39;s only such bridge in daily use and the oldest bridge of any type still open to daily traffic throughout the county.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the culvert was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified because of its distinctive engineering, which was seen as representing a significant and well-preserved aspect of local historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Dwight–Hooker Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It includes 17 contributing residential buildings in the most architecturally significant, turn of the 20th century neighborhood in Poughkeepsie. Most of the houses were built between 1895 and 1915 and are in a variety of popular revival styles. They are mostly to stories in height.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Upper–Mill Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It includes 25 contributing buildings built during the mid- to late-19th century. They include a variety of brick and frame buildings, originally residential, that have been converted to office and other commercial use. They are representative of vernacular mill workers dwellings and fashionable factory owners residences. The district also includes two churches.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Lay-Pritchett House is a historic house on Stevenstown Road  in Westbrook, Connecticut. Built about 1737 and enlarged several times since, it is distinctive for retaining its core elements in their original configuration and without significant alteration. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lay-Pritchett House stands in a rural setting in northern Westbrook, oriented facing south on a 3 acre parcel on the west side of Stevenstown Road (Connecticut Route 145), just south of its junction with Pritchett Lane. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with two chimneys, and a leanto section giving it a typical New England saltbox appearance. A modern ell extends further to the rear. The interior follows a center hall plan, with two rooms on either side of the hall. The interior finishes are almost entirely original on the ground floor, with hand-hewn exposed beams, vertical lapped-board wainscoting, and plaster above. Doors and their hardware appear to be original as well.</p><br>
<p>Traditionally described as the oldest house in the Patchogue area of Westbrook, the present main block was probably built in stages at several points in the 18th century. It was originally attached to an even older structure, traditionally dated to 1648 and demolished c. 1891, whose large chimney now forms one of those in the main block. Most of this construction was done by members of the Lay family, who have a long history in Westbrook.</p><br>
